This chart below helps you confidently select the correct type of Bioelements products depending on your skin type. Select your skin type below and you will be given a list of recommended products.

Definitely Oily Skin Type - Face gets oily shortly after cleansing
Moderately Oily Skin Type - Face gets oily within a few hours of cleansing
Combination/Slightly Oily Skin Type - T-zone gets moderately oily several hours after cleansing
Combination/Slightly Dry Skin Type - T-zone gets oily late in the day, cheeks feel slightly dry
Moderately Dry Skin Type - Very minimual t-zone oil, skin sometimes feels tight
Definitely Dry Skin Type - Rarely experience t-zone oil, skin always feels tight

A Back to Top

Acetamide MEA - A non-irritating humectant used in cream formulations.

Acetylated Lanolin Alcohol (lanoline alcool de lanoline) - This emollient forms a water-resistant film when applied to skin, helping to reduce water loss. Derived from lanolin.

Acrylates Copolymer - A synthetic binder and film-former that absorbs oil secreted from the skin, preventing oiliness and aiding in makeup application. Also improves overall product feel.

Acrylates/C 1 0-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer - A synthetic emulsifier for oil-in-water emulsions, this acrylate thickens and stabilizes a product's formula.

Algae Extract (ahnfeltia concinna) - From seaweed, this extract hydrates, moisturizes, firms and protects the epidermis. Algae minimizes free radical damage, improves the skin's immune defenses and encourages cell and tissue renewal.

Allantoin - A botanical extract of the comfrey root, allantoin is healing, soothing and non-irritating. Allantoin's most outstanding features are its ability to stimulate new tissue growth, help heal scars and ease the effects of sun damage.

Almond Oil (prunus communis dulcis, prunus amygdalus dulcis) - A soothing emollient and carrier that promotes spreadability in skin care preparations. Obtained from almonds that have been cleaned, crushed and cold-pressed, this oil is similar in composition to olive oil.

Aloe Vera Extract (aloe barbadensis) - From the leaves of the aloe plant, this extract has been used as a topical medicine for centuries. Recognized for its healing and soothing qualities, aloe vera is a proven antibiotic, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing agent. Aloe vera is often used on dry or sensitive skin, and is effective in the treatment of sun damage and insect bites.

Aloe Vera Gel (aloe barbadensis) - See aloe vera extract.

Aloe Vera Leaf Juice (aloe barbadensis) - A diluted form of aloe vera gel. See aloe vera extract.

Alpha-glucan Oligosaccharide - Produced from sucrose and maltose sugars; protects against irritation and inflammation.

Alumina Powder - A natural oxide of aluminum used as an extender in cosmetic colors that are intended to be translucent.

Aminomethyl Propanol - An emulsifying alcohol made from nitrogen compounds.

Ammonium Acrylates/Acrylonitrogens Copolymer - A synthetic polymer used as a binder, film-former and suspending ingredient.

Ammonium Chloride - A naturally-occurring ammonium salt that is often used in non-alcoholic toners to provide the refreshing, tingling sensation that is often associated with alcoholic toners. Ammonium chloride is used to improve product feel.

Ammonium Laureth Sulfate - A surfactant that breaks up and holds oils and dirt so they can be easily removed from skin or hair.

Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate - A surfactant cleansing ingredient derived from a naturally occurring salt of coconut oil.

Ammonium Nonoxynol-4 Sulfate - A surfactant that breaks up and holds dirt and oil so that they can be removed easily from the skin.

Apple Extract (pryus malus) - A soothing extract beneficial for dry skin. Also contains the exfoliating enzyme aneylase. See malic acid.

Apricot Kernel Oil (prunus armeniaca) - Extracted from the fruit's seed, this oil is skin-softening and moisturizing and has a high vitamin E content. Apricot kernel oil is also rapidly absorbed by the skin, making it an excellent carrier for active ingredients.

Arachidyl Propionate - A non-greasy emollient that aids in product spreadability.

Arbutin - Derived from the dried leaves of the heath family, which includes blueberries, cranberries and pear plants. Effectively slows melanin production and is also used as an antioxidant and skin conditioner.

Arctic Algae - See algae extract.

Argan kernel extract (argania spinosa) - From the shrubby Argan Tree, this extract helps regulate and normalize oil secretions.

Ascophyllum Seaweed - Ascophyllum is a pure seaweed that naturally contains minerals, amino acids and vitamins. It nourishes, moisturizes and detoxifies.

Ascorbic Acid (vitamin C) - A natural preservative and powerful antioxidant that also lightens and brightens the skin. Vitamin C, when combined with vitamin E, is a powerful free radical fighter and a natural protectant against UVA and UVB rays.

Ascorbyl Palmitate - This salt of ascorbic acid is a preservative and antioxidant. This ingredient also facilitates the incorporation of vitamins A, D and C into cosmetic formulations.

Avobenzone - A sunscreen that offers broad-range protection against UVA rays.

Avocado Oil (persea gratissima) - A soothing, antibacterial, sun-protecting, emollient oil with one of the highest penetration rates among oils of its kind. An emollient that helps restore the collagen in connective tissue, its high concentrations of vitamins A, D and E plus a high fat content work together to keep the skin moist and smooth. Expressed from the large seed of the ripe fruit.

B Back to Top

Bacillus/Soybean Ferment Extract - Maintains skin's moisture balance by strengthening the NMF in the top layers of the epidermis. It also has a brightening and pigment-inhibiting effect.

Balsam Canada Extract (abies balsamea) - From the basal fir, this extract has healing and soothing properties.

Bamboo Extract (bambusa vulgaris) - This woody grass extract is used for its moisture binding capabilities.

Bearberry Leaf Extract (arctostaphylos uva ursi) - The leaves of the bearberry contain arbutin, a powerful astringent, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory compound. See arbutin.

Beeswax - See cera alba.

Behentrimonium Methosulfate - Ammonium salt used as a conditioner.

Bentonite - A white clay found in the United States and Canada, bentonite is especially effective at absorbing oil on the skin and reducing shine.

Benzophenone - A class of sunscreens that protect the other ingredients in the formulation from sun damage. Also has UV absorbing properties.

Benzophenon-4 - See benzophenon.

Benzoyl Peroxide - An antibacterial, bleaching ingredient that forces oxygen into the skin, reducing the level of fatty acids and skin infection.

Benzyl Alcohol - This topical antiseptic is derived from jasmine, hyacinth and other plants. It has a faint, sweet odor and preserves against bacteria.

Bergamot Oil (citrus aurantium bergamia) - Often used to treat oily and acneic skin, bergamot oil is considered an antiseptic and bacterial growth inhibitor. This oil is extracted from the rind of the bergamot orange, a pear shaped variety of this popular citrus fruit.

Beta Carotene (provitamin A) - This vitamin is found in all plants. A known antioxidant, it also has photo-protective qualities.

BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole) - A preservative and antioxidant.

BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) - A preservative and antioxidant.

Bifida Ferment lysate - Lab-engineered from natural Bifidus cultures; responsible for maintaining skin's healthy microflora balance.

Bilberry Extract (vaccinum myrtillus) - Extract from the bilberry plant that is high in ascorbic acid. See ascorbic acid.

Biotin (vitamin H) - This vitamin, present in every living cell is vital to growth, circulation and healthy blood cells. It also has healing capabilities, so is therefore useful to treat acneic skin.

Bisabolol - Derived from chamomile, this botanical is anti-inflammatory and soothing.

Bismuth Oxychloride - A gray-white powder with a bright metallic luster that occurs in the earth's crust. Used as a skin protectant and to give a sheen to makeup formulations.

Bitter Orange Oil (citrus aurantium) - A soothing oil pressed from the peel of bitter oranges. Bitter orange oil has a more delicate fragrance than orange oil and is toning and antiseptic.

Blackberry Extract (rubus, fu pen tzu) - This soothing and refreshing extract contains malic acid and vitamins C and A. An excellent astringent, blackberry is also beneficial for acneic skin.

Blue 1 lake - See lakes.

Borage Oil (borago oHicinalis) - Derived from the extract of the leaves and flowers of this hardy annual plant, this botanical contains potassium and calcium. Emollient, anti-inflammatory and anti-irritating.

Boron Nitride - Crystals that glow and reflect light, used in makeup formulations.

Brazil Cypress Oil (cupressus sempervirens) - See cypress oil.

Brazilian Peppertree Extract - Plant derived, this extract contains natural anti-bacterial and skin toning properties.

Brom(2-) 2-nitropropane-1 - A nontoxic, nonirritating, nonsensitizing preservative effective against a broad range of microorganisms including fungi and yeast.

Bromelain - This exfoliating enzyme found in pineapple digests proteins, which makes it a powerful exfoliator.

Bulgarian Rose Oil (rosa damascena) - See rose oil.

Butyl Stearate - This synthetic anti-foaming ingredient is a skin conditioner and emulsifier.

Butylene Glycol - A humectant, preservative and microbial ingredient, butylene glycol is extremely resistant to high humidity.

Butylparaben - A safe preservative. See parabens.

C Back to Top

C 12-15 Alcohols Benzoate - See C 12-15 alkyl benzoate.

C 12-15 Alkyl Benzoate - An ester of benzoic acid and C 12-15 alcohols, this fatty acid is a mixture of a liquid and a solid acid. The result is an ingredient necessary for normal cell growth and healthy skin.

C 13-14 Isoparrafin - A skin softening agent. Obtained from the distillate of wood.

Cactus Flower Extract (cereus grandiflorus) - A sticky, gelatinous liquid from the cactus plant that is soothing to the skin and used to treat sun damage, irritation and inflammation.

Calamine - Soothing and cooling. Useful for irritated skin.

Calcium PCA - Derived from vegetable sources, calcium PCA strengthens epidermal cell cohesion and promotes the synthesis of lipids to strengthen the barrier layer of the skin.

Calendula Flower Extract (calendula oHicinalis) - A derivative of the marigold flower, this extract is an emollient rich with healing, soothing, antiseptic, anti-itching and anti-inflammatory properties. Especially effective for oily skin and acne.

Camellia Kissi Seed Oil - Derived from the seed of an evergreen shrub, kissi seed oil is soothing and calming.

Candelilla Wax (euphorbia cerifera) - A waxy, binding substance that gives body to products and, in emollients, protects skin against moisture loss. Derived form the Candelilla plant.

Canola Oil - This oil is emollient and lubricating.

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (tricaprylin) - This emollient mixture is derived from coconut oil and promotes penetration into the skin without leaving visible traces on the skin's surface. It is moisturizing without feeling greasy.

Caprylyl Glycol - An emollient alcohol.

Carbomer - A slightly acidic white powder that reacts with fat particles to produce a stable emulsion of oil and water. One of the safest thickening and emulsifying ingredients in the field.

Carbomer 940 - See carbomer.

Carbopol940 - See carbomer.

Cardamom Oil (elletaria cardamomum) - An antiseptic and stimulating oil derived from the dried seeds of the tree common to India, Ceylon and Guatemala.

Carmine - A crimson pigment. See lakes.

Carnauba Wax (copernicia cerifera, cire de carnauba) - Obtained from the leaves of the Brazilian wax palm tree, this wax is used to firm and texturize formulations. This wax also forms a protective layer on the skin's surface.

Carrageenan (chondrus crispus) - A thickener and emulsifier derived from Irish moss used medicinally to soothe the skin. In its salt form, carrageenan has the capability of turning a liquid into a jelly.

Carrot Seed Oil (daucus carota) - A light yellow essential oil that has a spicy odor and is rich in vitamin A. Derived from the seed of the carrot plant, this oil is often used as a coloring and/or a fragrance.

Casein (milk protein) - A component of milk, provides cells with nutrients which help stimulate cell functions. Smoothes and softens skin; helps calm sensitive skin.

Cassie Extract (acacia farnesiana) - From the African acacia tree, this extract acts as an astringent and has anti-inflammatory properties.

Castor Seed Oil (ricinus communis) - A highly emollient carrier oil that penetrates the skin easily. Non-irritating. Pressed from the seeds or beans of the castor oil plant.

Cedar Leaf Oil (thuia accidentalis, thuia occidentalis) - Distilled from the leaves of the cedar tree, this oil has a high content of thujone, which is antifungal and antibacterial.

Cellulose Gum - A botanical emulsifier that is naturally antibacterial and also gives products a uniform viscosity.

Cera Alba - This white beeswax is an emulsifier, film-former and free radical combatant. Practically insoluble in water, this honeycomb by-product is skin-softening and improves elasticity.

Ceramide 3 - These fats, which are naturally present in the skin act primarily in the intercellular spaces of the top most skin layer, where they form a natural barrier and reduce transepidermal water loss of the skin. Ceramides repair dehydrated skin, holding in water and strengthening the skin's barrier function.

Ceteareth-20, Ceteareth-25 - These combinations of alcohols are often used for their emollient, emulsifying, anti-foaming and cleansing capabilities. A cleanser and surfactant derived from PEG and cetearyl alcohol. See both.

Cetearyl Alcohol - An emulsifying and stabilizing wax produced from the reduction of plant oils and natural waxes. This safe emollient also gives products high- viscosity.

Cetearyl Glucoside - An emulsifier made from cetearyl alcohol and glucose. See cetearyl alcohol.

Cetrimonium Bromide - An antiseptic, disinfectant and cleansing ingredient.

Cetrimonium Chloride - A preservative and sanitizer used in "rinse-off" products.

Cetyl Acetate - The ester of cetyl alcohol and acetic acid, a solvent found in fruits like apples, oranges and strawberries. See cetyl alcohol.

Cetyl Alcohol - An emollient, emulsifier and thickener produced from palm oil.

Cetyl Esters - A chemical ester used to give body to emulsions, and to improve gloss and elasticity.

Cetyl Ethylhexanoate - An emollient.

Cetyl Octanoate - A moisturizer. See cetyl alcohol.

Cetyl Palmitate - A thickener made from cetyl alcohol and palmitic acid. See cetyl alcohol and palmitic acid.

Chamomile Extract (matricaria recutita) - From chamomile dried flower heads. See chamomile oil.

Chamomile Flower Extract (anthemis nobilis) - This extract of the chamomile flower is clinically proven to be anti-inflammatory. The benefits of chamomile are diverse: antibacterial, anti-itching, soothing, antiseptic, purifying, refreshing, hypoallergenic and naturally neutralizing to skin irritants.

Chamomile Oil (anthemis nobilis) - This pale blue oil derived from the flower's center is considered to be a capillary wall constrictor, antiallergenic agent, antiseptic, cooling, analgesic and healing. The oil is useful in the treatment of skin inflammation.

Chinese Angelica Root Extract (angelica archangelica) - As both an extract and an essential oil, this botanical is detoxifying, soothing and healing to the skin.

Chlorophyll - The natural green coloring matter of all plants and leaves, this chemical plays an essential role in photosynthesis. It is soothing and healing on the skin, as well as a natural deodorant and colorant.

Chloroxylenol - A preservative that has antiseptic and germicide capabilities.

Chlorphenesin - Antimicrobial agent.

Cholesterol - A moisturizing emulsifying agent that occurs naturally in plant cells. Present in the secretion of the sebaceous glands, cholesterol is a natural component of the skin's surface.

Cholecalciferol (vitamin D) - A skin conditioner that increases the thickness of the epidermis by stimulating the production of epidermal proteins and increases elasticity. Vitamin D repairs sun damage and reduces fine lines and wrinkles.

Chromium Green, Chromium Hydroxide Green, and Chromium Oxide Greens - These greenish pigments are derived from chromium found in the earth's crust.

Cinnamon Oil (cinnamomum cassia) - Obtained from the oil of cinnamon tree leaves, cinnamon oil is often credited with having a soothing effect on the skin. Cinnamon is also a natural antiseptic and it has a pleasant natural fragrance.

Citric Acid - This astringent, antioxidant preservative is derived from citrus fruits.

Citrus Unshiu Peel Extract (citrus unshiu) - A natural skin brightener that slows melanin formation.

Clary Sage Oil (salvia sclarea) - Distilled from the flowering tops of the clary sage herb, this essential oil is calming and soothing.

Clove Flower Extract (eugenia caryophyllus) - An antispasmodic from the blossoms of the plant.

Clove Oil (syzygium aromaticum) - Derived from the stems, leaves and flower buds of a small evergreen tree. Clove oil is a powerful antiseptic and germicidal oil.

Cocamide DEA, Cocamide MEA - Fatty acids derived from coconut oil used as thickeners and foam-boosters.

Cocamidopropyl Betain - An antistatic cleanser derived from coconut oil salt. This ingredient boosts foam and thickens products.

Coconut Acid - A surfactant and cleansing agent derived from coconut oil - a fatty fluid expressed from the seed of the fruit that is a good cleanser and lathering agent.

Coconut Oil (cocos nucifera) - Expressed from the kernels of the coconut, this botanical oil is a stable cream that lathers easily and is a fine cleanser.

Cocoyl Ethyl Glucoside - Surfactant and foaming agent.

Cocoyl Sarcosine - An anti-enzyme ingredient formulated from decomposed caffeine molecules.

Colloidal Oatmeal - An anti-itching, soothing skin protectant often used as a topical application for damaged skin. A meal obtained by grinding oats, the lipid content in colloidal oatmeal gives it enhanced lubricity and emolliency. Gentle, soothing and useful for treating severe skin damage.

Colloidal Sulphur - See sulphur.

Comfrey Root Powder (symphytum oHicinale) - Created from the dried and powdered comfrey root, this botanical is calming and soothing. Contains allantoin. See allantoin.

Copper Ferment - See saccharomyces/copper ferment.

Coriander Oil (coriandrum sativum) - Derived from the distillation of the dried ripe fruit, coriander oil is a natural deodorant and acts as a preservative when mixed with other natural oils.

Corn Oil (zea mays) - A carrier oil in skin care products, corn oil is also an emollient. Obtained from the wet milling of corn.

Corn Starch (zea mays) - A thickener derived from corn kernels that absorbs water and is soothing to the skin.

Cornflower Extract (centaurea cyanus) - Distilled from cornflower petals, this extract is healing - especially for bruises - and has been used to treat insect bites.

Cornus Extract (shan shu yu) - Chinese healing extract derived from the Japanese cornel tree.

Cranberry Oil (vaccinium macrocarpon) - Cranberry oil contains every component of vitamin E and is a potent source of essential antioxidants, including tocotrienol.

Cucumber Extract (cucumis sativa) - Primarily a cooling and soothing agent, cucumber extract is also credited with moisture-binding, moisture-regulating, tightening, anti-itching, healing and anti-inflammatory properties. The extract is taken from the fruit of the plant.

Cyclopentasiloxane and Dimethicone Crosspolymer - Silicone-derived skin softeners.

Cyclopentasiloxane - Derived from silica, this emollient provides a silky, smooth feel to skin care products. Cyclomethicone is also an effective carrier of active ingredients. See silica.

Cypress Oil (cupressus sempervirens) - Useful in treating acne and in inhibiting oil gland secretion, cypress oil is said to possesses antiseptic, astringent, healing and antispasmodic properties. It is derived from the distillation of cypress tree leaves,I twigs and cones.

D Back to Top

DEA-Cetyl Phosphate - An emulsifying agent that gives products a rich, velvety feel.

Dead Sea Salt - A mild abrasive that self-dissolves during product use. See sea salt.

Dextrin - A powder produced from corn starch and modified by bacterial process that absorbs moisture. Used as a binder and a thickener. See cornstarch.

Diazolidinyl Urea - A preservative. See imidazolidinyl urea.

Diazolidinyl Urea/lodopropynyl Butlycarbamate - A mixture of these two ingredients. See both.

Dicetyldimonium Chloride - A conditioner and antistatic agent.

Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) - A self-tanning agent that reacts with amino acids on the skin's epidermal layer, staining the top layer of cells a golden-brown. DHA's effects last a few days, as the color it provides fades with the natural shedding of the stained cells. DHA has been declared safe by the FDA.

Dimethicone - A form of silicone used to protect the skin against moisture loss and ensure a product's lubricity.

Dimethicone Copolyol - A conditioner and emollient that helps reduce irritation caused by soap. This ingredient is also used to improve the feel of sunscreens on the skin. See dimethicone.

Dimethylpolysiloxane - See dimethicone.

Di meth iconol - See dimethicone.

Dioctyl Adipate - A chemical emollient that allows the skin to breathe through skin sealants and films. This alcohol/acid combination is non-irritating.

Dioctyl Succinate - A soluble wax used as a wetting ingredient.

Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate - A salt of glycyrrhetinic acid - a soothing chemical derived from licorice root. See licorice extract.

Disodium Azelate - A sebum controller that holds and carries ingredients.

Disodium EDTA - A preservative.

DMDM Hydantoin - A preservative with an excellent safety record for use in leave-on and wash-off preparations.

Dong Quai Root Extract (angelica polymorpha sinensis, tang kwei) - An adaptogenic herb that helps skin withstand stress.

E Back to Top

Echinacea Extract (echinacea angustifolia, echinacea purpurea) - The roots and leaves of the echinacea plant are naturally antiseptic and antibiotic. Echinacea is both soothing and healing in treating skin damage.

EDTA - A preservative.

Elemi Extract (canarium commune) - A fragrant resin from several Asiatic and Philippine trees, this extract is used for gloss, adhesion and its pleasant scent.

Ensulizole - Sunscreen that protects from UYB rays.

Ergocalciferol (vitamin D-2) - A keratinization regulator that helps to improve skin feel and firmness with repeated use. Absorbed through the skin's top layers, vitamin D-2 is an important factor in epidermal cell turnover, especially when used in combination with vitamin A. See cholocalciferol.

Ergothionioneine - Natural amino-acid; promotes clarity and even skin tone.

Ethoxydiglycol - A solvent for essential oils that is non-irritating and non-penetrating.

Ethylhexyl Cocoate - Emollient ester.

Ethylhexyl Hydroxystearate - Emollient ester.

Ethylhexyl Palmitate - An emollient.

Ethylparaben - A preservative. See parabens.

Euphrasia - See eyebright extract.

Evening Primrose Flower Extract (oenothera biennis) - See evening primrose oil.

Evening Primrose Oil (oenothera biennis) - The oil from the seed of this plant is a good astringent, and has been proven to effectively treat many skin irritations. With a high concentration of linoleic acid, one of the essential fatty acids necessary to maintain the skin's protective layer, evening primrose oil hydrates and develops normal skin barrier functions without irritation. See linoleic acid.

Eyebright Extract (euphrasia oHicinalis) - An herb that has traditionally been used in eye care preparations to soothe eye area inflammation and irritation. Eyebright may also counteract skin wrinkling around the eye area.

F Back to Top

Fenugreek Extract - This herbal extract soothes inflammation and irritation.

Ferric Ferrocyanide - An inorganic salt used as a blue dye.

Ferulic Acid - Derived from rice, ferulic acid is an exfoliator, antioxidant, preservative and UVA/B-absorber.

G Back to Top

Galactoarabinan - The dominant sugar of the western larch tree. Galactoarabinan is a moisture-binder in humid conditions and retains moisture in dry conditions. Helps reduce transepidermal water loss through its film-forming activity.

Geranium Maculatum Oil - See geranium oil.

Geranium Oil (pelargonium graveolens) - A refreshing, anti-irritating, astringent oil that is particularly beneficial for oily and acneic skin. Derived from the leaves, stalks and flowers of the plant, geranium is a cell-regenerator and it increases circulation.

Germ Extract - See wheat germ extract.

Ginkgo Extract (ginkgo biloba) - An antioxidant derived from the sacred Chinese tree, ginkgo aids fibroblast cells in the production of collagen and elastin. Ginkgo is also a natural anti-inflammatory agent and blood vessel dilator because of its ability to increase blood flow and stimulate tissue oxygen consumption.

Ginseng Root Extract (panax ginseng) - Ginseng is tonic and nourishing with a high vitamin and hormone content. Ginseng stimulates sterol and protein production, improving skin's elasticity, diminishing wrinkles and nourishing dry skin. The extract of the root of the plant is also oxygenating, revitalizing and reactivating of the epidermis.

Glycereth-26 - PEG mixed with gIycerin. See both.

Glycerin - Glycerin has long been studied for its moisturizing abilities. Used as a humectant, solvent and emollient, glycerin absorbs moisture from the air; this ability ensures that a product stays moisturized, even if its cap is left off. Glycerin also improves the texture of products, making them smooth and spreadable.

Glyceryl Linoleate - An emollient moisturizer derived from linoleic acid mixed with glycerin. See both.

Glyceryl linolenate - See glyceryllinoleate.

Glyceryl Polyacrylate - Glycerin-derived polymer that works as a viscosity adjuster. See glycerin.

Glyceryl Stearate - An emulsifier and consistency regulator in water-in-oil and oil-in-water formulations. Derived from palm kernel or soy oil, this chemical is found naturally in the human body and is non-irritating.

Glyceryl Stearate Peg-100 Stearate - See glyceryl stearate and PEG.

Glyceryl Stearate SE - Self-emulsifying glyceryl stearate. See glyceryl stearate.

Glycine Soya - An emollient derived from soybeans.

Glycol Stearate - A widely used base for creams that can be utilized as a detergent, emulsifier, surfactant, thickener and emollient.

Glycolic Acid - Naturally occurring in sugar cane, this acid dissolves the internal cellular cement responsible for abnormal cell build-up, facilitating the sloughing of dead skin cells. This ingredient is beneficial for acne-prone skin as it helps keep pores clear and its powerful moisturizing, hydrating and skin normalizing abilities help to diminish the appearance of lines, wrinkles and age spots.

Golden Seal Extract (hydrastis canadensis) - An ancient antiseptic root used to soothe the eye area and treat inflammation.

Gotu Kola Extract (centella asiatica, hydrocotyl asiatica) - This herb, grown in the Middle East and parts of Eastern Europe, is used to heal and soothe skin.

Grape Extract (vi tis vinifera) - This fruit extract is tonic, anti-inflammatory, decongestant, antioxidant and redness-reducing. Contains vitamin C, chlorophyll and beneficial enzymes. See ascorbic acid and chlorophyll.

Grapefruit Extract (citrus grandis) - The extract of the seeds of the fruit, this botanical has antibacterial properties. See grapefruit oil.

Grapefruit Oil (citrus paradisi) - The extract of the peel and juice of the fruit, this oil is highly acidic and contains vitamin C. Grapefruit oil is an antiseptic and anti-irritant that is beneficial for oily skin. See ascorbic acid.

Grapeseed Oil (vitis vinifera) - Obtained by pressing grapeseeds, this oil has a high content of linoleic acid. It is moisturizing and nourishing. See linoleic acid.

Green Tea Extract (camellia olifera, camellia sinensis, thea sinensis) - Derived from a tropical Asiatic evergreen shrub or small tree with red and white flowers. Green tea is an antioxidant with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Green tea is healing and helps reduce swelling of the skin.

Ground Oatmeal - A soothing exfoliant that absorbs oil from the skin's surface and is useful for treating irritation.

Guaiacwood Wood Extract (guaiacum oHicinale) - Extracted from the hard wood of the guaiac tree. Has antiseptic properties.

Gynostemma Extract - Derived from the Chinese herb, this extract is known for its healing properties and contains many of the same chemicals as ginseng. See ginseng root extract.

H Back to Top

Hazelnut Oil (corylus american and coryluss avellana) - A nourishing carrier oil used in products for dry skin. Obtained from the nuts of various species of the hazelnut tree.

Heather Extract (calluna vulgaris) - A ground-covering shrub with lavender flowers, heather is naturally antimicrobial. Known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties, it also stimulates cellular regeneration.

Hexyl Laurate - A mild emollient that is nonirritating and improves product spreadability.

Hexylene Glycol - A combination of glycerin and alcohol used as a humectant and solubilizer. See glycerin.

Honey Extract (mel) - A floral nectar that creates a watertight film on the skin, permitting the skin to rehydrate and heal itself, encouraging soft, hydrated, moisturized skin.

Honeysuckle Flower Extract (Ionicera caprifolium) - This fragrant extract is calming and soothing.

Horsetail Extract (equisetum arvense) - A botanical rich in minerals the body uses to absorb calcium, which nourishes nails, skin, hair and bones. Horsetail also helps eliminate excess oil from skin and hair and has stimulating, astringent, soothing, healing and softening properties.

Hyaluronic Acid - A natural protein that allows the epidermis to achieve greater suppleness. Its most outstanding quality, however, is its ability to bind water. When applied to the skin, it forms a film that holds water to the skin's surface. The addition of hyaluronic acid to a formulation decreases the need for excess emollients and lubricants, providing a greaseless product that smoothes rough skin and significantly improves the skin's appearance.

Hydrocortisone - An over-the-counter (OTC) anti-inflammatory agent.

Hydrocotyl Asiatica Extract - See gotu kola extract.

Hydrogen Peroxide - A bleaching, detergent, antiseptic preservative.

Hydrogenated Castor Oil - A wax. See castor seed oil and hydrogenated oils.

Hydrogenated Coco-Glycerides - See coconut oil and hydrogenated oils.

Hydrogenated Joioba Oil - A wax. See jojoba oil and hydrogenated oils.

Hydrogenated Lecithin - See lecithin and hydrogenated oils.

Hydrogenated Oils - Oils treated with hydrogen, which results in liquid oils becoming partially solid.

Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose - Improves foaming properties and formulation stability. See cellulose gum.

Hydrogenated Palm Glycerides - See palm oil and hydrogenated oils.

Hydrogenated Palm Kernel Glycerides - See palm kernel glyceride and hydrogenated oils.

Hydrogenated Polydecene - Non-tacky emollient that hydrates and smoothes skin.

Hyd rogenated Polyisobutene - Emollient, moisturizing agent that restores skin's suppleness.

Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil - A moisturizer. See vegetable oil.

Hydrolyzed Rice Protein - Naturally occurring protein derived from rice; helps increase microcirculation and harmful effects of UV exposure to collagen fibers.

Hydrolyzed Soy Protein - A conditioning, moisturizing, film-forming agent used in place of animal proteins in skin care products. Derived from soy beans.

Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein - A conditioning, moisturizing, film-forming agent used in place of animal proteins in skin care products. Derived from wheat.

Hydrolyzed Yeast Protein - A conditioning, moisturizing, film-forming agent used in place of animal proteins in skin care products. Derived from yeast.

Hydroxydecanoic Acid (1 0-) - A nutrient with protective, anti-inflammatory actions.

Hydroxyethyl Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyltaurate Copolymer - Ingredient protectant.

Hydroxyethylcellulose - Obtained from wood pulp treated with an alkali, this chemical is an effective thickener, binder and suspending agent.

I Back to Top

Imidazolidinyl Urea - One of the most common preservatives. Most effective when used as a co-preservative with parabens. See urea.

Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate - An antifungal preservative.

Iron Ferment - See saccharomyces/iron ferment.

Iron Oxides - Inorganic compounds used as colorants in makeup formulations - colors vary depending upon the amount of water added: from red to brown, black, orange and yellow.

Isobutylparaben - A preservative. See parabens.

Isoceteth-20 - See cetyl alcohol.

Isopropylparaben - A preservative. See parabens.

Isostearyl Neopentanoate - An emollient, binder and skin-conditioning agent with moisturizing and softening capability.

Ivy Extract (hedra helix) - Ivy leaves have been used in herbal medicine to treat various skin eruptions. Ivy is soothing to damaged skin and has detergent, antiparasitic and analgesic properties. Ivy also activates circulation and helps reduce inflammation.

J Back to Top

Japan Wax - See rhus succedanea.

Joioba Oil (simmondsia chinensis, buxus chinensis) - Traditionally used by Native Americans for its cosmetic and healing properties, jojoba oil is derived from the seed or bean of the jojoba tree. It penetrates rapidly into the top layer of the skin and acts with the intercellular lipids to reduce transepidermal water loss, making skin supple and soft.

K Back to Top

Kaolin - Originally from Kaoling Hill in southeast China, this soft, white powder functions primarily as an oil and water absorber. It adheres well to the skin's surface, but is easily removed with regular cleansing procedures.

Kelp Extract (macrocystis pyrifera) - From the Pacific marine plant, kelp regulates the texture of the skin.

Kissi Seed Oil - See camellia kissi seed oil.

Kiwi Fruit Extract (actinidia chinensis) - An emollient derived from the kiwi fruit.

Kojic Acid - An antibiotic, antioxidant, skin-lightening agent widely used in Japan. When combined with allantoin, kojic acid helps accelerate healing.

Kukui Nut Oil (aleurite moluccana) - Sometimes called the candlenut, the fruit of the kukui nut tree was used by early Hawaiians to soothe and protect the skin from sun damage. This natural oil soothes, moisturizes and relieves chapped skin and irritations. Rich in vitamins A, C and E.

L Back to Top

Lactic Acid - A preservative, exfoliant and moisturizer occurring naturally in bilberry plants. Lactic acid improves the water-holding capacity of the skin's top layer, increasing its pliability and reducing the appearance of lines and wrinkles.

Lactose - A component of milk; smoothes and softens skin

Lakes - Organic pigment: a water-soluble dye absorbed on alumina. See alumina powder.

Lambert Wax - See cera alba.

Laneth-10-Acetate - A chemical emulsifier.

Lanolin - A wax derivative of wool, this water-absorbing emollient holds water to the skin.

Lappa Root Extract (burdock root extract, arctium lappa) - Antibacterial and antifungal, this extract helps to regulate and normalize oil production.

Lauramide DEA - Derived from lauric acid - the principal fatty acid found in coconut oil - this chemical thickens, stabilizes foam and improves viscosity.

Laureth-4, Laureth-7, Laureth-23 - Wetting agents that also function as emulsifiers, surfactants, detergents and solubilizers. See lauryl alcohol.

Lauryl Alcohol - From coconut oil, this crystalline compound is used to make cleansers because of its sudsing ability. Also an emulsion-stabilizer and a skin-conditioning agent.

Lavandin Extract (Iavandula hybrida) - See lavender oil.

Lavandin Oil (Iavandula hybrida) - An essential oil of a hybrid plant related to lavender. See lavender oil.

Lavender Extract (Iavandula angustifolia) - See lavender oil.

Lavender Oil (Iavandula angustifolia) - Lavender truly is a multi-purpose oil, credited with anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antibacterial, antispasmodic, healing and tonic capabilities. Lavender works well on all skin types and is quickly absorbed by the skin, stimulating cellular growth and regeneration. The oil is extracted from the flowers and stalks of the plant.

Lavender Spike Oil (Iavandula latifolia) - A derivative of lavender. See lavender oil.

Lavendin Oil (Iavandula hybrida) -See lavandin oil and lavender oil.

Lecithin - Derived from soybeans, lecithin attracts water and acts as a natural moisturizer. A natural emollient, emulsifier, antioxidant and spreading agent.

Lemon Oil (citrus limon) - The extract of the peel, lemon oil is one of the most versatile essential oils. It's anti-irritating and disinfecting.

Lemon Peel Extract (citrus medica limonum) - The oil extracted from the rind of the fruit is an antibacterial, antiseptic, astringent treatment for sunburn, acne and oily skin. Contains citric acid and vitamins Band C. See citric acid, ascorbic acid and niacinamide.

Lemongrass Extract (cymbopogon citratus, cymbopogon schoenathus) - An astringent, tonic oil derived from the leaves of the lemongrass that has a pleasant natural scent.

Licorice Root Extract (glycyrrhiza glabra) - Distilled from the roots and stem of the plant, licorice extract is an anti-inflammatory and de-pigmenting agent.

Lime Oil (citrus aurantifolia, tilia cordata) - Pressed from the peel of the fruit, lime oil works similarly to lemon as a powerful anti-irritant and antiseptic. Slightly green with a crisp, pleasant fragrance, lime oil is also a natural source .of vitamin C. See ascorbic acid.

Linden Flower Extract (tilia cordata) - Derived from the flowers of the lime tree, this extract is antioxidant, soothing and anti-inflammatory.

Linoleic Acid (vitamin F) - An essential oil found in a variety of plant oils including soybean and sunflower, linoleic acid is an emulsifier that works to prevent dryness and roughness. linoleic acid also inhibits melanin production.

Linolenic Acid - A drying agent found in most oils.

Lipoic Acid - An anti-inflammatory, antioxidant free-radical scavenger that prevents sagging skin and wrinkles due to its ability to prevent the activation of damaging enzymes called matrix metallo-proteinases (MMPs). Its small molecular size facilitates absorption into skin for hours after application.

Llex Paraguariensis Leaf Extract - Derived from a South American tree, this extract has antioxidant properties.

Lysine PCA - Increases cellular oxygen intake and improves moisturization. From an essential amino acid.

M Back to Top

Magnesium Aluminum Silicate (smectite clay) - A light, malleable metal that occurs abundantly in nature. Used as a thickener, astringent and emulsionstabilizer.

Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate (vitamin C) - A stabilized, synthetically derived vitamin C that is reportedly equally as effective as an antioxidant. See ascorbic acid.

Magnesium Ferment - See saccharomyces/magnesium ferment.

Malic Acid - Naturally occurring in apples and cherries, this colorless crystalline compound is used as an antioxidant, exfoliating and anti-aging agent. See apple extract.

Mandarin Orange Peel Oil (citrus nobilis) Expressed from the peel of the fruit. See orange oil.

Manganese Violet - A violet color used in makeup formulations that also has moisturizing properties.

Mannitol - A humectant, emulsifier and antioxidant. Mannitol is most commonly prepared from seaweed.

Marigold Flower Extract (calendula oHicinalis) - Obtained from the plant's flowers, this extract is soothing, antiseptic and healing, especially to the delicate skin around the eyes.

Matricaria Extract (chamomilla recutita) - German chamomile. See chamomile flower extract.

Meadowsweet Flower Extract (spiraea ulmaria) - The extract of this prairie flower is an analgesic, topical anti-inflammatory agent and powerful combatant of free radicals. Rich in vitamin C, salicylic acid and citric acid. See all.

Menthol - Extracted from peppermint and spearmint plants, menthol stimulates blood circulation and feels cool to the skin. It is also antiseptic.

Methyl Gluceth-20 - A humectant and skin-conditioning agent, this ingredient occurs naturally in grape and corn sugars.

Methylisothiazolinone - A preservative.

Methylparaben - A preservative. See parabens.

Mica - Any of a group of minerals that are found in crystallized, thin sheets that can be separated easily. When ground, mica is a lubricant, colorant, and creates a fine glow in makeup. Micas vary in color from colorless to pale green, brown, or black.

Microcrystalline Wax (cire microcrystalline) - An emulsifier.

Mitracarpe Extract (mitracarpus scaber) - A South American vine that lightens the skin and Improves the overall complexion.

Mulberry Root Extract (morus bombycis) - This plant extract helps to inhibit pigment formation.

N Back to Top

Natrium Mud - Nutrient-rich organic compound found in the soil of certain regions. Known for its stimulating and detoxifying properties.

Neopentyl Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate - An emollient and viscocity-increasing agent.

Neroli Oil (citrus aurantium, citrus bigaradia) - This pale yellow oil is obtained from the flowers of the bitter orange tree. Because of its sedative and soothing properties, it is often used for sensitive skin, however neroli oil's ability to stimulate cell regeneration is beneficial for all skin types.

Niacinamide (vitamin B) - A skin stimulant.

Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid - Naturally occurring acid helps prevent pore clogging, reduces oil production; inhibits growth of acne producing bacteria

Nylon 1 2 - An effective oil-absorber. Also is a bulking agent that provides good elasticity.

O Back to Top

Oat Kernel Flour (avena sative) - Obtained by the fine grinding of oat kernels, this flour is an abrasive, absorbent, viscosity-increasing substance.

Octinoxate - Sunscreen that protects from UYB rays.

Octisalate - Sunscreen that protects from UYB rays.

Octyldodecanol - An emollient and skin conditioner with good spreadability.

Octyldodecyl Neopentanoate - An emollient.

Octyldodecyl Stearoyl Stearate - A skin-conditioner that increases product viscosity.

Oleanolic Acid - Naturally occurring acid helps prevent pore clogging, reduces oil production; inhibits growth of acne producing bacteria

Oleic Acid - Found in many vegetable fats and oils, this acid improves a formula's skin-penetration abilities.

Oleyl Alcohol - An emollient, anti-foaming, viscosity-increasing agent produced synthetically.

Olive Leaf Extract (olea europaea) - Astringent and antiseptic, olive leaf extract also functions as a free radical scavenger. See olive oil.

Olive Oil (olea europaea) - An excellent carrier for essential oils, olive oil stimulates the synthesis of collagen and elastin.

Orange Extract (citrus aurantium dulcis) - See neroli oil.

Orange Flower Extract (citrus aurantium) - See neroli oil.

Orange Oil (citrus sinensis) - Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and suitable for use on sensitive skin. Orange oil is pressed from the fresh peel of the fruit and has a pleasant fragrance.

Oxido Reductases - Yeast proteins; helps increase microcirculation and minimize the harmful effects of UY exposure to collagen fibers.

Oxybenzone - Sunscreen that protects from UY rays.

Ozokerite - A wax-like mineral that is commonly used as a thickening agent, regulating viscosity and stabilizing formulas.

Ozokerite Wax - An emulsifier and thickener that regulates formulation viscosity and stabilizes formulations. Ozokerite is a naturally-occuring mineral.

P Back to Top

Palm Kernel Glyceride - Emulsifier and consistency regulator derived from palm kernel oil.

Palm Oil - A consistency regulator and formula stabilizer obtained from the seed of the palm tree.

Palmarosa Oil (cymbopogon martini) - Derived from the Palmarosa herb, this oil has soothing, moisturizing, anti-septic and cell-regenerating properties.

Palmitic Acid - A texturizer that occurs naturally not only in the sebaceous glands, but also various spices and plant oils.

Palmitoyl Oligopeptide - Derived from palm oil and protein fragments, an antiaging ingredient that is nonirritating.

Palmitoyl Tripeptide-3 - Produced from amino acids; encourages collagen synthesis to smooth lines and wrinkles.

Panthenol (vitamin 8-5) - Primarily a healer and moisturizer, panthenol stimulates cellular proliferation and aids in tissue repair. Panthenol is especially good at penetrating the skin's surface, allowing it to go to work quickly repairing and nourishing the skin. like hyaluronic acid, panthenol is a natural water-binder, pulling water out of the air and holding it to the skin. This nonirritating, conditioning, anti-inflammatory vitamin also protects against sun damage.

Panthenyl Triacetate - See panthenol.

Papain - This enzyme from the tropical papaya fruit is a natural protein-digester and therefore an effective exfoliant.

Papaya Extract (carica papaya) - This tropical fruit extract is used as a cleansing agent and acne fighter. Contains papain, a very gentle but effective exfoliant. See papain.

Parabens - A group of related preservatives that act as bacteria and fungus killers. Active against a variety of organisms.

Paraffinum Liquidum (Huile mine'rale) A lubricant and protectant used in
makeup formulations.

Passionflower Fruit Extract (passiflora incarnata) - Passionflower is calming and soothing.

PEG (polyethylene glycol) - A widely used binder, solvent and softener that improves resistance to moisture and oxidation. The number associated with this abbreviation refers to the number of moles present in the formulation, or the PEG's weight. In other words, the higher the PEG's number, the more solid the composition. Each PEG serves fundamentally the same purpose, but the various weights allow the chemist to customize the chemical to the needs of the product.

PEG-1 00 Stearate - A widely used emulsifier and cleanser. See PEG.

PEG-12 Dimethicone - A mixture of PEG and dimethicone. See both.

PEG-12 Distearate - A mixture of PEG and stearic acid. See both.

PEG-150 Distearate - A mixture of PEG and stearic acid. See both.

PEG-20 Methyl Glucose Sesquistearate - An emulsifier and softener - a mixture of PEG and methyl glucose. See PEG.

PEG-200 - See PEG.

PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil - A mixture of PEG and castor oil, a soothing solubilizing agent. See both.

PEG-40 Sorbitan Peroleate - A skin-penetrating mixture of PEG, sorbitol and oleic acid. See PEG and sorbitol.

PEG-45 - See PEG.

PEG-6 Caprylic/Capric Glycerides - An emollient and emulsifying agent that preserves the skin's lipid content, keeping the skin soft. See PEG.

PEG-60 Almond Glycerides - A surfactant derived from almond triglycerides, and used as an emulsifier.

PEG-8 - See PEG.

Pentaphyllum Extract - See gynostemma.

Pentylene Glycol - A powerful humectant with moisturizing properties.

Peppermint Oil (mentha piperita) - This common oil is an antibacterial, refreshing, cooling anti-irritant. Peppermint reduces skin redness due to inflammation or acne and cools by constricting facial capillaries. Peppermint oil is made from the dried leaves and tops of the Asian, European and American plant. See menthol.

Perflouropolymethylisopropyl Ether - A skin conditioner that stabilizes emulsions and reduces skin moisture loss. Gives products a silky feel.

Petitgrain Oil (citrus aurantium) - Obtained from the distillation of the leaves, twigs and unripe fruit of the bitter orange tree. Used for its tonic effect and invigorating fragrance.

Petrolatum - An emollient that softens and smoothes while preventing moisture loss ond protecting the skin from environmental irritants.

Phenoxyethanol - A preservative that is antibacterial and antiseptic. Non-irritating and non-sensitizing.

Phenyl Trimethicone - A silicone oil that forms a barrier on the skin - sealing moisture in and protecting skin from external irritants. Can be an effective water-repellent.

Phospholipids - Complex fat substances found naturally in all living cells. Phospholipids bind water and hold it in place.

Phosphoric Acid - An antioxidant and preservative derived from phosphate rock.

Phytonadione (vitamin K) - Speeds up post-op healing and reduces dark under-eye circles by increasing cell turnover, which accelerates the removal of melanin granules.

Phytosterol Isostearate - Plant "fats" present in all fruits and vegetables. Calms and softens skin.

Pine Bark Extract (pinus pinaster) - An antiseptic solvent that stimulates circulation.

Pineapple Extract (ananas sativa, ananas scJtivus) - Pineapple extract contains the protein-digesting enzyme bromelain - an anti-inflammatory agent. See bromelain.

Polyacrylamide - A thickening and suspending ingredient.

Polybutene - A binder and viscosity-increasing agent.

Polyethylene - In liquid form, this ingredient regulates viscosity, suspension and stability of formulations. In solid form, it is a safe exfoliator.

Polyethylene Glycol - See PEG.

Polyglyceryl-4 Isostearate - A mixture of glycerin and isostearic acid, a fatty acid that works as a surfactant and emulsifier. See glycerin.

Polyglyceryl Methacrylate - A synthetic polymer used as a film-former.

Polygonum Extract (kai chin so) - A Chinese healing extract derived from the polygonum plant.

Polyquaternium-4 - An antistatic and film-forming ingredient.

Polysilicone-11 - See silica.

Polysorbate 20 - A widely used emulsifier that stabilizes essential oils in water. Also a solubilizer, emulsifier and viscosity moderator.

Polysorbate 60 - A widely used emulsifier that stabilizes essential oils in water. Also a wetting agent.

Polysorbate 80 - A widely used emulsifier that stabilizes essential oils in water. Also a wetting agent.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) - Aids in pigment dispersion and water resistance. Commonly found in mascaras and lipsticks to improve their wear.

Potassium Hydroxide - A corrosive emulsifier that is used in mild concentrations. Derived from potassium chloride. See potassium chloride.

Potassium Sorbate - A preservative that combats mold and yeast.

PPG-2-lsodeceth-12 - An emulsifier.

Proline - An amino acid found in the collagen molecule, proline is a natural skin conditioner.

Propylene Glycol - The most common moisture-carrying vehicle next to water, propylene glycol is also a preservative against bacteria and fungi that pulls moisture out of the air, keeping skin soft and hydrated.

Propylparaben - A preservative. See parabens.

Pumice - Mediterranean volcanic rock ground into a powder that is used to remove rough skin.

Pumpkin Extract - Natural protein-digesters that are gentle yet effective exfoliants. Contains naturally occurring enzymes.

Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) - A skin conditioner.

Q Back to Top

Quaternium-15 - A preservative against bacteria, mold and yeast.

Quillaia Saponaria Bark Extract - A South American tree bark extract that works as a detergent.

R Back to Top

Raspberry Fruit Extract (rubus idaeus, fu pen tzu) - An astringent, toning extract from the aromatic fruit that contains naturally-occurring alpha hydroxy acids.

Red 6, 7, 21, 27, 30 and 40 lake - See lakes.

Red Bay Oil (pimenta acris) - Derived from the myrtle tree, this oil is moisturizing and emollient.

Retinol - See retinyl palmitate.

Retinyl Palmitate (vitamin A) - A stabilized version of vitamin A that smoothes out lines and repairs cellular damage.

Rhus Succedanea Fruit Wax (Japan wax) - A wax squeezed from the fruit of a tree grown in Japan and China that is often used as a substitute for beeswax in skincare and makeup formulations.

Rice Bran Oil (oryza sativa) - A carrier and emollient that soothes and helps encourage collagen formation. From the germ and bran of unpolished rice, this oil contains linoleic acid, palmitic acid and vitamin E. See linoleic acid and vitamin E.

Ricinoleyl Monomaleate Triglyceride - An emollient, moisturizer and conditioner.

Roman Chamomile Flower Extract (anthemis nobilis) - See chamomile oil.

Rose Oil (rosa damascena) - This antiseptic, disinfectant, slightly tonic, soothing oil is derived from rose buds picked early in the morning (while the dew is still settled on them) and then immediately distilled. Rose oil treats inflammed skin or dry skin while it moisturizes and regenerates skin cells. A naturally pleasant fragrance.

Rose Hip Seed Oil (rosa canina) - An antiseptic, healing oil that helps improve skin hydration.

Rosemary Leaf Extract (rosemarinus oHicinalis) - A botanical oil that improves circulation and has strong antioxidant activity. Also an astringent, toner, deodorant, antiseptic, antibacterial and softening agent. Effective because of its ability to fight free radicals. The extract is taken from the leaves and stems of the plant.

Rosemary Oil (rosemarinus oHicinalis) - An antiseptic oil derived from the flowering tops of the rosemary plant. Rosemary oil also increases epidermal cell turnover for fresh skin and quick healing.

Rubus Extract (fu pen tzu) - See blackberry extract.

S Back to Top

Saccharomyces/ Copper Ferment - Trace mineral from copper yeast essential for healthy, functioning skin.

Saccharomyces/Iron Ferment - Trace mineral from iron yeast essential for healthy, functioning skin.

Saccharomyces/ Magnesium Ferment - Trace mineral from magnesium yepst essential for healthy, functioning skin.

Saccharomyces/Silicon Ferment - Trace mineral from silicon yeast essential for healthy, functioning skin.

Saccharomyces/Zinc Ferment - Trace mineral from zinc yeast that speeds skin healing and encourages collagen synthesis.

SaHlower Oil (carthamus tinctorius) - Expressed from the seed of an' old-world thistle-like plant, safflower oil is a hydrating and softening carrier oil.

Sage Oil (salvia oHicinalis) - Distilled from the leaves and flowers of the sage herb, this essential oil is antibacterial, anti'septic, antiinflammatory and healing.

Salicylic Acid - Derived from the wintergreen tree, salicylic acid exfoliates pore-clogging dead skin cells. Great for treating acneic skin because of its antimicrobial and antiseptic properties.

Sandalwood Oil (santalum album) - Produced from the distillation of the inner wood of the sandalwood tree native to India and Indonesia. Sandalwood oil is known for its anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and soothing effects. It helps to promote cell turnover.

Saponaria Extract (saponaria oHicianalis) - Soothing, anti-inflammatory extract derived from the soapwort plant.

Saw Palmeffo (serenoa serrulata) - A stemless palm of the Indies. Helps regulate and normalize oil secretions and is an anti-inflammatory.

SO Alcohol 40-A - This alcohol is used frequently for cosmetic use because it evaporates almost immediately, leaving active ingredients on the surface of the skin. It is also an antibacterial.

Sea Salt - A stimulating and therapeutic salt that exfoliates and softens skin.

Sea Water - See sea salt.

Sesame Oil (sesamum indicum) - A softening, conditioning carrier oil derived from sesame seeds that is also a natural sunscreen, blocking up to 30% of UV rays.

Shea Buffer (karite buffer, butyrospermum parkii) - From the fruit of the karite tree, shea butter is a natural fat. It is often used in skin care products to protect the skin from dehydration and other climatic influences, restoring the skin's suppleness and increasing moisturization. Great for dry skin.

Silica - In liquid form, this ingredient works as a carrier for emollients. In solid form, silica is porous, highly absorbent and often used for oil-control.

Silicon Ferment - See saccharomyces/silicon ferment.

Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate - Vitamin A derivative. See retinyl palmitate.

Sodium Benzoate - A nontoxic, organic salt preservative that combats mold and bacteria.

Sodium Bicarbonate - Inorganic salt used as a buffering agent, neutralizer and pH adjuster.

Sodium Bisulfate - An inorganic salt used as an antiseptic and pH adjuster.

Sodium Bisulfite - Inorganic salt used as an antiseptic and pH adjuster.

Sodium Cetearyl Sulfate - Commonly used as a surfactant and cleansing agent, also as an emulsifier for oil-in-water creams.

Sodium Chloride (table salt) - Preservative with astringent and antiseptic properties.

Sodium Citrate - The sodium salt of citric acid. Used as an alkalizer and to bind trace metals in solutions.

Sodium Dehydroacetate - Preservative that works well with parabens. See parabens.

Sodium EDTA - Sodium EDTA binds to metals such as nickel, copper and iron, making them unavailable to react with other ingredients in a product.

Sodium Gluconate - Sodium gluconate is the sodium salt of gluconic acid, produced by fermentation of glucose. It works like sodium EDTA to bind metals in products. See sodium EDTA.

Sodium Hyaluronate - A moisturizing agent and emulsifier, this gelling ingredient is capable of binding 1,800 times its own weight in water. See hyaluronic acid.

Sodium Hydroxide - Chemical reagent used in making soap.

Sodium lactate - Moisture-binding ingredient naturally occurring in the skin. Keeps pH from becoming too acidic.

Sodium laureth Sulfate - Surfactant, emulsifier and wetting agent.

Sodium lauroamphoacetate - Mild surfactant that is great for sensitive skin.

Sodium Metabisulfite - A bacterial inhibitor, anti-fermentative, preservative and antioxidant.

Sodium PCA - Derived from amino acids, sodium PCA is part of the skin's natural moisture factor. It is a humectant and moisture-bi nder.

Sodium Stearate - A salt of stearic acid that is used as an emulsifier. See stearic acid.

Sodium Styrene/ Acrylates/ Divi nyl-Benzene Copolymer - A synthetically derived opacifier.

Sodium Sulfate - A naturally-occuring base ingredient that facilitates the reactions between other ingredients.

Sodium Trideceth Sulfate - A surfactant used as a cleansing and emulsifying agent.

Sorbitan Oleate - An emulsifier derived from sugar.

Sorbitan Stearate - Synthetically produced from the natural ingredients sorbitol and stearic acid. Increases the moisturizing abilities of creams and lotions and solubilizes essential oils in water. See sorbitol and stearic acid.

Sorbitol - Derived from the leaves and berries of the mountain ash tree, or from algae or seaweed. Attracts and binds moisture to the skin's surface.

Soybean Oil (glycine soia) - A smoothing ingredient with high concentrations of lecithin and vitamins A, E and K. See lecithin.

Soybean Protein - Naturally occurring protein derived from soy; helps increase microcirculation and minimize the harmful effects of UV exposure to collagen fibers.

Spearmint Oil (mentha spicata, mentha viridis) - A cooling stimulant with cleansing and decongestant properties beneficial for acneic and oily skins. Its fragrance and therapeutic potential are similar to peppermint but fresher and gentler. See menthol.

Sphingolipids - Derived from plant cells, these lipids are essential to cell growth and function. Sphingolipids regulate lipids, moisturize and repair damage to the skin's top layer.

Squalane - Lipid derived from olive oil that lubricates and moisturizes. Squalane is highly compatible with skin lipids as human sebum is comprised of 25% squalane.

Stearalkonium Chloride - A suspending agent used to disentangle hair.

Stearic Acid - A vegetable-based fatty acid that works as an emulsifier, lubricator and thickener.

Stearyl Alcohol - A highly pure, vegetable-based fatty alcohol that acts as a thickener and emollient.

Stearyl Caprylate - A mixture of stearyl alcohol and citric acid. See both.

Stearyl Heptanoate - A nongreasy, waxy emollient that produces a waterrepellant film.

Sucrose (table sugar) - An emollient, mild exfoliator and humectant that can be used in the place of glycerin. See glycerin.

Sugar Cane (saccharum oHicinarum) - Sugar cane crystals are used as physical exfoliants.

Sugar Maple Extract (acer saccharinum) - From the sugar maple tree, this extract is used as a skin conditioner.

Sulphur - Reduces oil gland activity and dissolves the skin's surface layer of dry, dead cells. A major acne combatant, mild antiseptic and healing stimulant. Sulphur is found in the earth's crust.

Sumac Extract (rhus glabra) - From the bark or leaves, sumac is astringent, antiseptic and tonic.

Sunflower Seed Oil (helianthus annus) - Extracted from the flower's seeds, this oil contains vitamin E and forms a "skin" after drying, smoothing the skin's surface and leaving it silky to the touch.

Superoxide Dismutase - This enzyme inhibits free radical production.

Sweet Almond Oil (prunus amygdalus dulcis) - See almond oil.

Synthetic Wax - A hydrocarbon wax derived from various oils.

T Back to Top

Talc - A naturally-occurring mineral, talc absorbs moisture and softens products.

Tangelo Oil (citrus tangerina) - Derived from the tangelo fruit, this essential oil is anti-inflammatory and effectively treats oily skin.

Tangerine Oil (citrus reticulata, citrus reticulata blanco) - Expressed from the peel of the ripe fruit, this oil is similar to orange, with sedative properties. Its fragrance is sweeter than, though reminiscent of, bergamot.

Tangerine Peel Oil (citrus tangerine) - See tangerine oil.

TEA (triethanolamine) - An alkaline emulsifier often used with stearic acid to form soaps.

Tea Tree Oil (melaleuca alternafolia) - Distilled from the leaves of an Australian tree, the light yellow oil is a natural preservative with antiseptic and germicidal qualities. Tea tree oil is quick penetrating and healing.

TEA-Lauryl Sulfate - Synthetic surfactant, emulsifier and foaming agent.

Tenox - A synthetic antioxidant that improves product shelf-life.

Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate (vitamin C) - Lipid-soluble form of vitamin C. See ascorbic acid.

Tetrasodium EDTA - Preservative and sequestering agent.

Thyme Extract (thymus vulgaris) - Obtained from the branches and flowers of the thyme herb, this essential oil is healing and soothing. With antiseptic and antibacterial properties, it also acts as a natural preservative.

Thyme Oil (thymus zigis) - Derived from the flowers and leaves of the thyme herb, this oil is antibacterial and healing.

Tissue Respiratory Factor Complex - Derived from live yeast cells, it increases the skin's metabolic functions, encouraging it to "breathe". Also anti-inflammatory, moisturizing and healing.

Titanium Dioxide - Sunscreen that blocks all UV rays, including UVA and UVB.

Tocopherol - See tocopheryl acetate.

Tocopheryl Acetate (vitamin E) - Vitamin E is considered to be the most important antioxidant and free radical scavenger. Easily absorbed through the skin, it is also a photoprotectant, natural preservative, moisturizer and water-binding agent, improving the appearance of dry, rough or damaged skin. An anti-aging compound, this vitamin counteracts skin pigmentation, inflammation and the decreased functioning of sebaceous glands. Vitamin E also protects fat in the body's tissues from abnormal breakdown, thus promoting healthier, livelier skin.

Tomato Extract (solanum Iycopersicum) - A fungicide and precipitating botanical, extracted from the fruit.

Tricaprylin - See caprylic/capric triglyceride.

Trideceth-9 - An emulsifier. See PEG.

Tridecyl Stearate - Emollient, thickener and lubricant. See stearic acid.

Tridecyl Trimellitate - An occlusive skin conditioning agent.

Triethanolamine - See TEA.

Trisodium EDTA - A preservative.

Tristearin - A surfactant and emollient derived from vegetable fats.

Tromethamine - An emulsifyer and surfactant.

U Back to Top

Ultramarines - Originally obtained naturally, these color additives are now produced synthetically. Ultramarines can be blue, green, pink, red or violet.

Urea - A preservative and moisturizer. Urea is also antiinflammatory and antiseptic.

V Back to Top

Vegetable Oil (olus) - Expressed oil of various vegetables that acts as a carrier, occlusive skin-conditioning and skin-softening agent.

Virginia Cedarwood Oil (cedrus atlantica) - Derived from the red cedar (or juniper) tree of the southeastern United States, this oil is obtained from recently dried young twigs. This oil is also credited with antiseptic, sedative and astringent properties.

Vitamin A - Vitamin A is essential for the generation and function of skin cells. Derived from vegetable oils, vitamin A is a powerful anti-aging ingredient and, when applied topically, prevents the skin from becoming dry or scaly. Works more effectively when combined with vitamin E. See retinyl palmitate.

Vitamin B - See niacinamide.

Vitamin B-5 - See panthenol.

Vitamin B-6 - See pyridoxine.

Vitamin C - See ascorbic acid, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, and tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate.

Vitamin D - See cholecalciferol.

Vitamin D-2 - See ergocalciferol.

Vitamin E - See tocopheryl acetate.

Vitamin F - See linoleic acid. Vitamin H See biotin.

Vitamin K - See phytonadione.

Volcanic Mud Extract - See natrium mud.

W Back to Top

Waltheria Indica Leaf Extract - Tropical plant extract that effectively lightens the skin.

Water (aqua) - The most common ingredient in skin care products, water is perhaps also the most essential to skin's proper function. Water used in Bioelements products is purified, eliminating hardness and minerals. This helps to prevents product contamination.

Watercress Extract (nasturtium oHicinale) - The extract of this water-loving plant is a moisture regulator and effective acne treatment, reducing skin's sebum production.

Wheat Germ Glycerides - A skin softener and moisturizer with good penetration ability. Derived from wheat germ oil, this emollient oil has a very high vitamin E content.

Wheat Germ Powder (triticum vulgare) - Naturally-occurring antioxidant ingredient rich in vitamin E.

White Grape Fruit Extract (vitis vinifera) - See grape extract.

White Lily Extract (lilium candidum) - Extract of the edible bulbs that has antiseptic and soothing properties and a pleasant fragrance.

White Tea Leaf Extract (camellia sinensis) - A powerful antioxidant with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties.

Witch Hazel Extract (hamamelis virginiana) - A skin freshener, local anesthetic and astringent traditionally used as a topical treatment for sunburns, skin irritation, insect bites and bruises. Witch hazel also has healing and emollient properties and has recently been found effective in combating free radicals and absorbing UVA and UVB rays. The extract is taken from the leaves and twigs of the plant.

X Back to Top

Xanthan Gum - Derived from corn starch, xanthan gum works as a thickener, stabilizer and carrying agent.

Y Back to Top

Yam Root Extract (dioscorea villosa) - Contains phytosteroids and diosgenin, a natural hormonal mineral. Anti-inflammatory, soothing, antiaging and balancing.

Yellow 5 and 6 Lake - See lakes.

Ylang Oil (cananga odorata) - Ylang is antiseptic, softening, rejuvenating and antispasmodic. Great for controlling acne and treating inflamed or irritated skin.

Yucca Root Extract (yucca glauca, yucca aloifolia) - Commonly used as a base for skin care products, yucca root has been reported to increase cell growth. It is also an anti-irritant.

Z Back to Top

Zinc Ferment - See saccharomyces/zinc ferment.

Zinc Oxide - Obtained from zinc ore - a common mineral - zinc oxide is an astringent, antiseptic protectant. Zinc oxide also has UVA and UVB blocking capabilities, enhances SPF, and encourages the healing of skin disorders.

Zinc PCA - See zinc oxide.

Zinc Stearate - An adhesive ingredient. A mixture of zinc oxides, palmitic and stearic acids. See all.

Zizyphus Extract (do zoo) - This Chinese herbal extract is a natural alpha hydroxy acid and works as a gentle exfoliator.

Alcohol - Used as a solvent, carrier or astringent, and is antiseptic and bactericidal. Fatty alcohols are organic compounds that have been exposed to hydrogen and are often used as moisturizers or thickeners (e.g. cetyl alcohol.)

Antioxidant - Neutralizes or blocks the damaging effects of free radicals (e.g. vitamin C.)

Emollient - Fatty substances and oils that soften, hydrate or condition the skin (e.g. dimethicone.)

Emulsifier - Holds the oil-based and water-based ingredients together, helping to stabilize a product (e.g. carrageenan.)

Humectant - Hydrating substance that increases skin's moisture content and binds moisture to the skin (e.g. urea.)

Preservative - Ensures the product is microbiologically safe and stable by preventing the growth of micro-organisms. Bioelements uses safe, non-toxic preservatives (e.g. propylparaben.)

Surfactant - Surface-active ingredients that bind matter to water and can create bubbles. Foaming agents, wetting agents and cleansers are all surfactants (e.g. sodium lauryl sulfate.) Some surfactants also work as emulsifiers (e.g. polysorbate-20.)

Thank you for shopping at Skin-Beauty.com. We have been online since 1998 selling genuine brand name skin care and beauty products at affordable prices. We have a high loyalty return rate due to customer satisfaction, services, and great prices. Happy Shopping!